Traumatic brain injuries are a public health issue of increasing concern as a significant cause of disability and death in children. According to the CDC, traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in disturbed brain functioning due to a “bump, blow, or jolt to the head.” Shaken baby syndrome is one of the well-documented forms of childhood abuse, which occurs when an adult shakes a baby in anger or frustration. As a result, children may suffer some seizures, delayed development, poor eyesight or blindness, and in some cases, death. TBI can impact a child’s social, cognitive, and sexual development, causing the individual to display “challenging” behaviors in adulthood. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause brain impairment similar to impairment caused by TBI. The study of ACES has brought awareness to how physical and mental health is impacted in adulthood and brings a deeper understanding of the criminal statistics due to childhood mistreatment or TBI. With each additional ACE, a child is at an increased risk of developmental, physical, and mental health challenges. This is due to executive functioning being impaired, causing a loss of impulse control, problem-solving, and decision-making. Both ACES and TBI have been linked to pedophilic interests and other inappropriate sexual behaviors. Between 3.5 to 9% of individuals display sexually offensive behavior post-TBI, and sexual offenders report having experienced many ACES. This informs the barriers that may be present in treatment, as adulthood behaviors may stem from childhood adversity, as society focuses on punishing and not rehabilitating those with brain impairment. Understanding the research on brain trauma and ACEs helps us assist in transitioning our mentalities from “What is wrong with you?” To “What happened to you?” The Relationship Between Dementia and ACES ACEs change the structure and functioning of the brain and impact an individual throughout their life. A study in Japan has found that individuals reporting 3 or more ACEs are at the highest risk of developing dementia. An American study found similar results being able to estimate the probability of positive dementia screening with adults aged 64-74 who had experienced 4 or more ACEs. ACEs impair memory and cognition, and early life stress has also been linked to chronic illness. It's essential to recognize that while symptomatic overlap exists between ACEs, TBI, and dementia, their underlying causes and trajectories differ. Moreover, not all individuals with a history of ACEs or TBI will develop dementia, and vice versa. Chart Observation: Symptoms OVERLAP - Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) & Dementia With that sentiment in mind, our audience has handpicked 10 films exploring themes surrounding brain injury and disorders, offering education and inspiration. These movies cover a range of topics, including TBI, Alzheimer’s, stroke, concussion, aphasia, and beyond.
Article Written and Summarized by Volunteer Guest Writer & Graduate Students Andrea Vogeler, edited by C. Stanford and H. Sandifer References
Blair, C., & Raver, C. C. (2012). Child development in the context of adversity: Experiential canalization of brain and behavior. American Psychologist, 67(4), 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027493 Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2010). The relationship of adverse childhood experiences to adult medical disease, psychiatric disorders, and sexual behavior: Implications for healthcare. In R. Lanius, E. Vermetten, & C. Pain (Eds.), The impact of early life trauma on health and disease: The hidden epidemic (pp. 77–87). Cambridge University Press. Blasingame. (2018). Traumatic Brain Injury and Sexually Offensive Behaviors. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(8), 972–977. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2018.1510454. Schickedanz, Jennings, L. A., & Schickedanz, A. (2022). The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Positive Dementia Screen in American Older Adults. Journal of General Internal Medicine : JGIM, 37(10), 2398–2404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-07192-8 https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/pediatric-traumatic-brain-injury/ What Happened To You - Seeing this from a research and scientific environmental predisposition allows you to humanize the person. https://constanttherapyhealth.com/brainwire/10-top-films-about-brain-injury-and-brain-disorders/
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untitled artwork by @akshatha Understanding Intergenerational Resilience Intergenerational trauma occurs when a population has collectively gone through trauma tracing back multiple generations. For brown communities, the institution of slavery has created trauma and pervades modern society through institutional racism. Awareness of this is essential to empower marginalized and brown communities. This way, we can create a future free from oppression and understand how this trauma affects an individual. Intergenerational trauma can lead to maladaptive coping strategies due to altered nervous system response. Individuals can find support in healing communities and explore approaches to find safety and control in their bodies. Resilience to Prejudice Some individuals grow up exposed to narratives that instill fear and paint their world as perpetually hostile. The stories they hear, reinforced by parent's warnings (e.g., The Talk) and firsthand experiences, contribute to the belief that their environment is and will remain inhospitable. These are some tips that service providers can use to assist marginalized communities in building resilience to prejudice.
Addressing trauma allows for higher overall life satisfaction and the emergence of healthier, happier children who grow to be more self-reliant. The effects of healed oppression extend to healthier lifestyles, well-maintained communities, accumulated family wealth, and content citizens. Brown and historically marginalized communities have demonstrated remarkable resilience despite oppression and adversity. Places to start looking for help
An oversimplified way of restating Sex Trafficking: Sex work is a means to an end. A way of survival when the systems and 'family of origin' has failed. Human trafficking and intergenerational trauma are two topics that seem distantly related but are more closely intertwined than you may believe. This article will discuss the common connections between intergenerational trauma and human trafficking, as well as what you can do to support those who are impacted by these problems, whether they be you or someone else. Check out our latest interview with the Founder of ACEs Matter, Cendie Stanford and Julie Chapus, discussing the topic. https://youtu.be/jl_P26ihN_c?si=t7CSLPVtOy54htPX What is Human Trafficking?According to the U.S. Department of Justice, human trafficking is defined as “a crime that involves compelling or coercing a person to provide labor or services, or to engage in commercial sex acts.” Human trafficking is a form of modern slavery that violates the human rights and dignity of millions of people around the world. There are no defining characteristics of a victim of human trafficking since it can happen to anyone, regardless of their background or gender. However, some factors that can increase the risk of being trafficked include:
The U.S. DOJ is working to eradicate human trafficking through various initiatives, such as:
You can learn more about human trafficking and how to report it on the U.S. DOJ website. What is Intergenerational Trauma?Intergenerational trauma is defined as trauma that has a ripple effect on generations, according to Evan Starkman of WebMD.com. Starkman writes that intergenerational trauma can start with either personal trauma, such as abuse, or trauma within a wider scope of cultural or ethnic groups, such as genocide, slavery, or colonization. The long-term effects of intergenerational trauma (ACEs)can include:
Even though more research is needed to understand and combat intergenerational trauma, it helps to seek out the care of a licensed therapist. A therapist can work through your trauma by recommending self-care techniques, providing anger management, and helping you recognize and cope with triggers. You can also benefit from trauma-informed care, which is an approach that acknowledges the impact of trauma on individuals and communities and provides services and support that are respectful, compassionate, and empowering. Trauma-informed care can be found in various settings, such as health care, education, social service, and justice. You can learn more about intergenerational trauma and how to find help on the WebMD website. How are Human Trafficking and Intergenerational Trauma Connected?Human trafficking and intergenerational trauma can coexist, namely with vulnerability. People who have experienced or inherited trauma may be more vulnerable to being trafficked, as they may lack the resources, support, and self-esteem to protect themselves from exploitation. Conversely, people who have been trafficked may experience or pass on trauma to their children or future generations, as they may struggle with the physical, emotional, and psychological consequences of their ordeal. Therefore, it is important to address both human trafficking and intergenerational trauma with a holistic and integrated approach that considers the individual and collective needs and strengths of the affected people and communities. Some of the ways to do this include:
How Can You Help Yourself or Others Who Are Affected by Human Trafficking and Intergenerational Trauma?You are not alone if you or someone you know is a victim of intergenerational trauma and human trafficking. There are many resources and options available to help you or others who need assistance. Some of the things you can do include:
How Can You Learn More About Human Trafficking and Intergenerational Trauma?If you want to learn more about human trafficking and intergenerational trauma, there are many sources of information and inspiration that you can access. Some of the things you can do include:
How Can You Support Human Trafficking and Intergenerational Trauma Initiatives?If you want to support human trafficking and intergenerational trauma initiatives, there are many ways you can get involved and make a difference. Some of the things you can do include:
Human trafficking and intergenerational trauma are serious and complex issues that affect millions of people and communities around the world. However, there is also hope and possibility for change and healing. By learning more about these issues and taking action to help yourself or others, you can be part of the solution and make a positive impact in the world. |
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